Use of natural extract of chestnut (Silvafeed ENC®) in broiler feeding: effect on growth performance

Abstract and Figures

The aim of this research was to study the effect of addition of natural extract dietary tannins (饲料级单宁酸) in commercial feed on the growth of broilers. Two hundred and four broiler chicks (Cobb 508) 14 d old male, were randomly assigned to 12 floor pens and fed commercial diet supplemented with 0% (CE0), 0.15% (CE15), 0.20% (CE20) and 0.25% (CE25) of ENC. The addition of feed grade tannins showed a beneficial effect on weight increases daily feed intake (DFI) and average daily gain (ADG) from 14 to 35 days of age. In the second half of trial the effects were less evident and concluding with a detrimental effect in CE25 group. Feed conversion rate (FCR) appears to be statistically different in the second and fifth weeks of feeding. The inclusion of ENC at 0.20%, (CE20) had significant influences on final weight, DFI and ADG and a favourable influence on FCR in comparison with the other three groups. In conclusion, dietary tannins (饲料级单宁酸) has been shown to be beneficial at concentrations between 0.15% and 0.20%.

Use of natural extract of chestnut (Silvafeed ENC®) in broiler feeding: effect on growth performance

Schiavone1, K. Guo2, S. Tassone2, L. Gasco2,
Malfatto2, I. Zoccarato2

1 Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia e Ecologia. Università di Torino, Italy.

2 Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche. Università di Torino, Italy

Corresponding author: Kaijun Guo, Dipartimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy – Tel. +39 011 6708568 – Fax: +39 011 6708563 – Email: guo.kaijun@unito.it

ABSTRACT – The aim of this research was to study the effect of addition of natural extract of chestnut (Castanea sativa) Silvafeed ENC® in commercial feed on the growth of broilers. Two hundred and four broiler chicks (Cobb 508) 14 d old male, were randomly assigned to 12 floor pens and fed commercial diet supplement- ed with 0% (CE0), 0.15% (CE15), 0.20% (CE20) and 0.25% (CE25) of ENC. The ENC addition showed a benefi- cial effect on weight increases daily feed intake (DFI) and average daily gain (ADG) from 14 to 35 days of age. In the second half of trial the effects were less evident and concluding with a detrimental effect in CE25 group. Feed conversion rate (FCR) appears to be statistically different in the second and fifth weeks of feeding. The inclusion of ENC at 0.20%, (CE20) had significant influences on final weight, DFI and ADG and a favourable influence on FCR in comparison with the other three groups. In conclusion, ENC has been shown to be benefi- cial at concentrations between 0.15% and 0.20%.

Key words: Hydrolysable tannin, Silvafeed ENC, Broilers, Growth performance.

INTRODUCTION – In 2006, the EU banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal feeding. Many approaches have been proposed in order to replace the AGP and to maximise performance and economic viabili- ty. The hydrolysable tannins appear interesting (Graziani et al. 2006). From a nutritionist’s view point, tannins in ani- mal feeds are a double-edged sword. For a long time, tannins have been considered as antinutritional factors reducing digestibility of crude protein and consequently growth performances in monogastric animals (Mueller-Harvey, 2006) while in ruminant nutrition, the results appear more positive (Mueller-Harvey, 2006; Tabacco et al., 2006). Moreover, tannins have shown anthelmintic properties in ruminants (Min and Hart, 2003) and in birds (Marzoni et al., 2005). In our previous findings (Schiavone et al., 2006) we observed that Silvafeed ENC in broiler feed did not influence the in vivo digestibility. The aim of this trial was to study the growth performance of broilers fed with different doses of ENC.

MATERIAL AND METHODS – Two hundred and four 1 day-old male Cobb 508 broiler chicks were housed in a standard broiler house and fed ad libitum. In the first two weeks, the heating was provided to keep the room tem- perature in accordance with standard brooding practices. The trial lasted for 42 days from 14 to 56 d of age. On the 14th day, the chicks were weighed and randomly divided into 12 groups of 17 chicks each. Each group was assigned to a floor pen (1.7 m2) furnished with rice hulls and wood chip (50:50 w/w) as litter. A commercial diet (ME: 12.34 MJ/kg; crude protein: 20%) was supplemented with 0% (CE0), 0.15% (CE15), 0.20% (CE20) and 0.25% (CE25) of ENC. The diets were assigned to 12 pens according to latin square design. Each chick was identified by wing mark and every week, individual body weight and feed consumption per pen were recorded. Mortality was recorded daily. At the end of the cycle, individual average daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (DFI), and feed conversion rate (FCR), on a flock basis, were calculated. Data were statistically analysed with ANOVA of SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

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RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS – The weights, DFI, ADG and FCR measured at different ages are shown in figure 1. The addition of ENC showed a positive effect on weight increases in the first three weeks; growth was directly proportional to the concentration of ENC. From the 42nd to 49th day of age the favorable trend showed by ENC was maintained, but the differences were not significant.

On the 56th day CE20 group showed a significant higher weight than CE25 (Fig.1). In the first three weeks, irrespectively to ENC concentration, DFI was higher in the treatment groups than in the control; whereas from day 42 to day 56 the DFI showed a slowing down more evident in the group CE25 than the control, CE15 and CE20 groups; from day 49 to 56 the DFI in CE25 was significantly lower than the other groups.

Similarly, ENC had favorable influences on ADG in the first two weeks, especially for CE20 and CE25, while the effect in CE25 was drastically reversed in the last two weeks.

The effects on FCR were significant only from day 21 to day 28 and from day 42 to 49; during the second week group CE20 showed a more favorable FCR while, due to the reduction of ADG, in the fifth week CE25 showed an unfavorable rate.

Figure 1. Trends of broiler’s weights, daily feed intakes, average daily gains and FCR.

A, B, C=P<0.01; a, b, c= P<0.05.

As a whole trial, CE20 had significantly positive effects on final weight, DFI and ADG (table 1). Favorable effects were evident also on FCR even though the differences among the four groups were not significant; CE15 and CE20, showed significant differences on DFI in comparison with CE0 and CE25. The highest final weight and more favorable FCR showed in CE20 group could be explained by the positive trend of digestibility observed in our previous study (Schiavone et al., 2006) and by the fact that ENC could modify the stability of the gastrointestinal microflora improv- ing the competitive exclusion similarly to others plant extracts (de Lange, 2005). In fact, as observed by Li and Song (2004) and Graziani et al., (2006), chestnut natural extract, has antimicrobial effects on different bacterial strains as E.coli, B.subtilis or S.enteriditis and C. Perfirigens type A. In this trial, the observed FCR were better than the results of Diao and Qi (1999) which ranged from 2.20-2.24 within 0-8 weeks old of broilers and higher than those reviewed by

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de Lange (2005). In conclusion, the broilers in this study showed an acceptable growth performance and the supple- mentation of ENC up to 0.20% appeared to be safety and allowed a beneficial effect on productive traits. Nevertheless, more research is necessary to understand the action of ENC at gastrointestinal tract level.

Table 1. Growth performances of broilers from 14 to 56 d of age.

Group	CE0	CE15	CE20	CE25	SE
Number	51	51	51	51
Initial weight	263.70	266.60	274.61	272.65	2.54
Final weight	2967.11ab	3024.65ab	3144.70b	2881.46a	25.78
DFI*	128.91A	134.92B	132.28B	128.96A	0.44
ADG*	64.22ab	65.58ab	68.28b	62.40a	0.58
FRC*	2.02	2.09	1.96	2.10	0.02

Means with different letters in the same row differ significantly.

A, B=P<0.01; a, b= P<0.05.

*DFI: daily feed intake; ADG: average daily gain; FRC: feed conversion ratio.

A special thanks to Mrs Daniela Laurino and Mrs Emily Joseph for birds care and technical support. The research was supported by SilvaTeam S.r.l. – San Michele di Mondovì (Cuneo) Italy.

REFERENCES – de Lange, L., 2005. Nutribiotics could replace antibiotics in feed. World Poult.21(10): 26-

Diao, Q., Qi, G., 1999. Tannins in livestock feed in China. Proceedings of International Workshop on tan- nins in livestock and human nutrition. Adelaide, Australia, 31 May-2 June, 1999. p 66-70. Graziani, R., Tosi, G., Denti R. 2006. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Silvafeed ENC® on bacterial strains of poultry origin. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 62 (suppl.):12th European Poultry Conference. Verona. Italy. Paper 10859. Li, Y., Song G., 2004. Study on bacteriostasis of chestnut shell extract. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 24(4):61- 64 (in chinese). Marzoni, M., Castillo, A. Romboli, I., 2005. Dietary inclusion of Quebracho (Schopsis lorentzii) tannins on productive performances of growing pheasant females. Ita. J. Anim. Sci. 4(2): 507-509. Min, B.R., Hart, S.P., 2003. Tannins for suppression of internal parasites. J. Anim. Sci. 81 (E. Suppl. 2): E102-E109. Mueller-Hervey, I., 2006. Unravelling the conundrum of tannins in animal nutrition and health. J. Sci. Food Agric., 86: 2010-2037. Schiavone, A., Tassone, S., Guo, K., Perona, G., Gasco, L., Zoccarato, I., 2006. Dietary administration of chestnut extract in chicken broilers. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 62 (suppl.):12th European Poultry Conference. Verona. Italy. Paper 10856. Tabacco, E., Borreani, G., Crovetto, G.M., Galassi, G., Colombo, D., Cavallarin, L., 2006. Effect of chesnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 4736-4746.

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Use-of-Dietary-Tannins-in-broiler-feeding-effect

The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients

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饲用单宁酸Abstract: Over recent years, the monogastric animal industry has witnessed an increase in feed prices due to several factors, and this trend is likely to continue. The hike in feed prices is mostly due to extreme competition over commonly used conventional ingredients. For this trend to be subdued, alternative ingredients of both plant and animal origin need to be sourced. These types of ingredients are investigated with the aim of substituting all or some of the conventional compounds. However, alternative ingredients often have a double-edged sword effect, in that they can supply animals with the necessary nutrients although they contain antinutritional factors such as tannins. Tannins are complex secondary metabolites commonly present in the plant kingdom, known to bind with protein and make it unavailable; however, recently they have been proven to have the potential to replace conventional ingredients, in addition to their health benefits, particularly the control of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella. Thus, the purpose of this review is to (1) classify the types of tannins present in alternative feed ingredients, and (2) outline the effects and benefits of tannins in monogastric animals. Several processing methods have been reported to reduce tannins in diets for monogastric animals; furthermore, these need to be cost-effective. It can thus be concluded that the level of inclusion of tannins in diets will depend on the type of ingredient and the animal species.单宁酸

单宁酸产品特性

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来源于天然植物提取的单宁酸，具有良好的抗腹泻、抗菌、抗氧化、抗寄生虫等功效，能够改善畜禽生长性能，提高饲料利用率，减少抗生素和氧化锌的使用，提高动物整体的健康程度及动物性产品的安全性。

What is tannic acid?

2021年1月3日没有评论

单宁酸具有抗氧化作用，是一种天然的防腐剂，能有效避免红酒被氧化变酸，使长期储存的红酒能保持最佳状态。最近的研究发现，单宁对预防和治疗心血管疾病有较好的效果。心脑血管疾病仍是威胁人类健康的头号杀手，所以中老年人坚持每天喝适量的葡萄酒进行自我保健是一个很好的方法。另外，现在很多年轻人工作压力大，精神压力大，很多人都处于亚健康状态。因此，年轻人最好也养成喝红酒的习惯，这样可以安抚神经，缓解压力。

单宁酸及其与不同有机氮化合物和酶的复杂相互作用:旧的范式与新的进展对比

2020年5月28日没有评论

单宁与蛋白质之间的相互作用已经研究了50多年，因为其独特的特性和在食品工业和药理学中的潜在用途。然而，随着单宁酸浓度对酶的调控以及与其他非蛋白氮化合物的潜在相互作用的新见解的提出，未来的研究还需要进行。应特别注意使用纯化和表征良好的单宁，因为植物提取物中多酚的化学成分和其他化合物的存在可能会显著影响单宁与氮化合物的相互作用。后续研究的目的应该是将这些结果推导到更复杂的、异质的、现实的体系中。总之，研究单宁酸与蛋白质之间的相互作用，以及其他有机化合物之间的相互作用的研究很可能会引起人们的极大关注，因为人们对多酚类化合物在人类健康和疾病治疗方面的普遍兴趣，同时也对其在饮料和食品工业中的作用产生了浓厚的兴趣。

Tannins and Their Complex Interaction with Different Organic Nitrogen Compounds and Enzymes: Old Paradigms versus Recent Advances

2020年5月28日没有评论

Interactions between tannins and proteins have been studied for more than 50 years, because of their unique characteristics and potential use in food industry and pharmacology. However, with the new insights regarding regulation of enzymes by tannin concentration and the potential interaction with other non‐protein N compounds, future studies are needed. Special attention should be paid to the use of well‐purified and characterized tannins, because the chemistry of polyphenols and the presence of other compounds in plant extracts may significantly affect tannin interactions with N compounds. Follow‐up studies should aim to extrapolate these results to more complex, heterogenic, realistic systems. In conclusion, studies investigating the interactions between tannins and proteins, but also other organic compounds, are likely to attract significant attention due to the general interest in polyphenols with regard to human health and disease treatment, but also their role in the beverage and food industry.

水解单宁对常见鱼类病原体的体外活性

2020年5月17日没有评论

这项体外研究表明，Silvafeed TSP(饲用单宁酸）对常见的细菌鱼病原体（如李斯特菌，鼠疫耶尔森菌和沙门氏菌气单胞菌）具有很强的抗菌作用，在所有研究的剂量水平下，对沙门氏杆菌都有较强的抗菌效果，而对水生单胞菌有中等的效果，在较高的剂量范围内（0.40％和0.50％），对乳球菌和鲑鱼阴道球菌有轻微的效果。