单宁酸技术

饲用单宁酸Abstract: Over recent years, the monogastric animal industry has witnessed an increase in feed prices due to several factors, and this trend is likely to continue. The hike in feed prices is mostly due to extreme competition over commonly used conventional ingredients. For this trend to be subdued, alternative ingredients of both plant and animal origin need to be sourced. These types of ingredients are investigated with the aim of substituting all or some of the conventional compounds. However, alternative ingredients often have a double-edged sword effect, in that they can supply animals with the necessary nutrients although they contain antinutritional factors such as tannins. Tannins are complex secondary metabolites commonly present in the plant kingdom, known to bind with protein and make it unavailable; however, recently they have been proven to have the potential to replace conventional ingredients, in addition to their health benefits, particularly the control of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella. Thus, the purpose of this review is to (1) classify the types of tannins present in alternative feed ingredients, and (2) outline the effects and benefits of tannins in monogastric animals. Several processing methods have been reported to reduce tannins in diets for monogastric animals; furthermore, these need to be cost-effective. It can thus be concluded that the level of inclusion of tannins in diets will depend on the type of ingredient and the animal species.单宁酸

来源于天然植物提取的单宁酸，具有良好的抗腹泻、抗菌、抗氧化、抗寄生虫等功效，能够改善畜禽生长性能，提高饲料利用率，减少抗生素和氧化锌的使用，提高动物整体的健康程度及动物性产品的安全性。

这项体外研究表明，Silvafeed TSP(饲用单宁酸）对常见的细菌鱼病原体（如李斯特菌， 鼠疫耶尔森菌 和 沙门氏菌气单胞菌）具有很强的抗菌作用，在所有研究的剂量水平下，对沙门氏杆菌都有较强的抗菌效果，而对水生单胞菌有中等的效果，在较高的剂量范围内（0.40％和0.50％），对乳球菌和鲑鱼阴道球菌有轻微的效果。

面临的挑战是如何在不影响牲畜生产性能和避免抗病微生物增加的情况下实施新的替代品。植物提取物和纯化的衍生物质在动物营养方面显示出了很好的效果，无论是从功效还是从经济角度来看，都是很有希望的。单宁酸是植物提取的化合物（饲用单宁酸），在家禽饲料中被成功地用作控制疾病和提高动物性能的添加剂。成功地使用这些提取物作为饲料添加剂，必须确保产品的质量稳定、数量足够多，以满足家禽业的实际要求。板栗（可水解）和魁北克（缩合）单宁酸（饲料级单宁酸）可能是最容易获得的商业产品，可以满足这些需求。

The challenge is to implement new alternatives without affecting the production performances of livestock and avoiding the increase of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Plant extracts and purified derived substances are showing promising results for animal nutrition, either from their efficacy as well as from an economical point of view. Tannins are plant derived compounds (饲用单宁酸)that are being successfully used as additives in poultry feed to control diseases and to improve animal performance. Successful use of any of these extracts as feed additives must ensure a product of consistent quality in enough quantity to fulfill the actual requirements of the poultry industry. Chestnut (hydrolysable) and Quebracho (condensed) tannins (饲料级单宁酸) are probably the most readily available commercial products that are covering those needs.

本实验研究表明，1.25%的饲用单宁酸单宁的添加量并不是50%的油菜籽粕日粮诱导草鱼生长性能差的主要原因。但是，单宁酸会损害蛋白质的代谢，减少脂肪的消化和积累，促进碳水化合物的消化。此外，单宁和菜籽粕干扰了肠道环境，改变了肠道的细菌组成。

在今后的研究中，要研究更多的生物标志物来解释单宁酸饲料级单宁酸和菜籽粕对草鱼生长和健康的基本机制，并应用更多的先进技术，如元基因组功能图谱等来阐明细菌群落、宿主代谢、疾病表型和日粮之间的关系。